{"id":4402,"date":"2026-05-06T10:56:58","date_gmt":"2026-05-06T03:56:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/khcn185.vnua.edu.vn\/?p=4402"},"modified":"2026-05-06T10:56:59","modified_gmt":"2026-05-06T03:56:59","slug":"nghien-cuu-ung-dung-cong-nghe-iot-de-thu-thap-du-lieu-danh-gia-phan-loai-va-du-bao-trinh-trang-o-nhiem-khi-tai-co-so-phong-kham-thu-y","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/khcn185.vnua.edu.vn\/?p=4402","title":{"rendered":"Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 IoT \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp..."},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng, vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m th\u00fa y, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft. Nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u00fa y, trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i c\u1ea5p H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n: \u201cNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 IoT \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00ed t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m th\u00fa y\u201d do ThS. L\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh Qu\u00e2n \u2013 B\u1ed9 m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00fd – Khoa C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f9i trong ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 trong vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 duy tr\u00ec m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

1. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn IoT<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

1.1. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kh\u00ed MQ (MQ sensor)<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kh\u00ed MQ l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kh\u00ed \u0111a n\u0103ng, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed CO, NH\u00ad3<\/sub>, CH4<\/sub>, LPG,… C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn MQ c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c kh\u00ed \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, mang l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 kh\u00ed gas, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng an to\u00e0n trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0H\u00ecnh 1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kh\u00ed MQ<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

1.2.\u00a0<\/em>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn DHT11<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn DHT11 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1eeb 0\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 50\u00b0C v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng \u00b12\u00b0C v\u00e0 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m trong kho\u1ea3ng 20% \u0111\u1ebfn 90% RH (\u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i) v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u00b15% RH.<\/p>\n

DHT11 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t con ch\u00edp duy nh\u1ea5t, thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i n\u00f3 qua m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Arduino, ESP32,…) v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m. V\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng thay th\u1ebf, ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, DHT11 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

1.3.\u00a0<\/em>B\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd\u00a0<\/em>ESP32<\/em><\/p>\n

ESP32 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p Wifi v\u00e0 Bluetooth \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi h\u00e3ng Espressif System. ESP32 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2n GPIO \u0111a n\u0103ng cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) v\u00e0 DAC (Digital to Analog Converter) gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u analog sang t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0H\u00ecnh 2. Module ESP32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

2.\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u1ea1m \u0111o quan tr\u1eafc ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m Th\u00fa y<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

2.1 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1ea1m \u0111o v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea1m \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng g\u1ed3m 3 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kh\u00ed MQ, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m DHT11 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t module ESP32 (H\u00ecnh 2). C\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau th\u00f4ng qua d\u00e2y d\u1eabn tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0H\u00ecnh 3. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f9i \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

2.2.\u00a0<\/em>Thu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7<\/em><\/p>\n

Module ESP32 trong tr\u1ea1m \u0111o \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong vi\u1ec7c thu t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 module n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 g\u1eedi nh\u1eefng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean Google Sheet th\u00f4ng qua k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i wifi.<\/p>\n

D\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m \u0111o bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o t\u1eeb 3 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn MQ v\u00e0 DHT11. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn MQ cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ADC ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ed5i sang gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ppm. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn DHT11 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (\u00b0C) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m (%) c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn MQ v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn DHT11 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ea1m \u0111o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0H\u00ecnh 4<\/em>.\u00a0<\/em>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

3. Ph\u00e2n m\u1ee9c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t KMEAN<\/strong><\/p>\n

3<\/em>.1.\u00a0<\/em>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/em>\u00a0Kmean<\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3<\/em>\u00a0ph\u00e2n m\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/em>\u00a0<\/em>\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f9i<\/em><\/p>\n

D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu th\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u1ec1 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed. V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n c\u1ee5m nh\u01b0 KMeans l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1ch n\u00e0y gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u1edbm m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

3.2.<\/em>\u00a0<\/em>Kh\u1eed xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/em><\/p>\n

D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn MQ thu th\u1eadp trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c phi tuy\u1ebfn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m sai l\u1ec7ch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n c\u1ee5m n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y, nh\u00f3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u MQ2 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Detrend l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n KMeans. Vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00fap t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n c\u1ee5m, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u1ee7a y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i\u00a0K = 4<\/em>, cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh 4 c\u1ee5m l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh g\u1eafn k\u1ebft n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 cao v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u00e2n m\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi K = 4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trong b\u1ea3ng 1.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 1. Ph\u00e2n m\u1ee9c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo % c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

L0 \u2013 M\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

L0 \u2264 -1,1%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

L1 \u2013 M\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

-1,1% < L1 \u2264 3,9%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

L2 \u2013 M\u1ee9c cao<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3,9% < L2 \u2264 13,5%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

L3 \u2013 M\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t cao<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

L3 > 13,5%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0H\u00ecnh 5. Nh\u00e3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f9i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n m\u1ee9c t\u1eeb L0 t\u1edbi L3<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng di\u1ec5n ra b\u00ean trong ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

M\u1ee9c L0 \u2013 m\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee9c L1 \u2013 M\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh<\/em>: di\u1ec5n ra trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00eam t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1edd sang; tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau th\u1eddi gian cho v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i \u0103n; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian trong ng\u00e0y. M\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i t\u1ea1o m\u00f9i h\u00f4i, m\u00f9i th\u1ee9c \u0103n, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i trong ph\u00f2ng nu\u00f4i nh\u1ed1t, m\u00f9i n\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i, m\u00f9i thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb…<\/p>\n

M\u1ee9c L2 \u2013 M\u1ee9c cao<\/em>: di\u1ec5n ra trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian cho \u0103n (ca s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ca chi\u1ec1u), do s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa m\u00f9i th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee9c L3 \u2013 M\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t cao<\/em>: Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1eefa \u0103n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

4. D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh\u00a0<\/strong>LSTM<\/strong><\/p>\n

4<\/em>.1.\u00a0<\/em>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/em>\u00a0m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/em>\u00a0LSTM<\/em><\/p>\n

LSTM (Long Short-Term-Memory) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng noron h\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng RNN khi x\u1eed l\u00fd chu\u1ed7i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eddi gian. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh LSTM c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c trong chu\u1ed7i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Nh\u1edd c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin qua c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng, LSTM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c m\u1eabu trong chu\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n x\u1eed l\u00fd chu\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng LSTM cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn MQ gi\u00fap d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f9i \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n, cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u1edbm ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn MQ l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

4<\/em>.2. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a LSTM<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb LSTM c\u00f3 3 c\u1ed5ng ch\u00ednh:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u1ed5ng qu\u00ean (Forget gate): X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u1ed5ng nh\u1eadp (Input gate): X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra (Output gate): X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ra t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y, LSTM c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n trong chu\u1ed7i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

4<\/em>.3.<\/em>\u00a0Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/em><\/p>\n

LSTM l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lan truy\u1ec1n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gradient. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u00f3 d\u1ea3i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 r\u01a1i v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ch\u1eadm ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean nh\u1eb1m gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh th\u1eddi gian chu\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Window size: 24 b\u01b0\u1edbc-t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 2 gi\u1edd \u0111o li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Offset d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n: m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00ed \u00a0t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m 5 ph\u00fat sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

H\u00ecnh 7. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o v\u1edbi LSTM<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 2. Tham s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh LSTM<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

LSTM<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Optimizer = \u2018rmsprop\u2019; loss = \u2018mean_squared_error\u2019; epochs=100;<\/p>\n

Batch_size=16; dropout=0.2; units=64; return_sequences=True.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

4.4. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1edbi LSTM<\/em><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o RMSE v\u00e0 EVS cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 qua x\u1eed l\u00fd. EVS \u2013 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1edfi bi\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, \u00a0c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb 0,77 l\u00ean 0,83. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0H\u00ecnh 8. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o v\u1edbi t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi b\u00e0i to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00f9i h\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m L0, L3, L1, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c L2. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Recall c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh 8 cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh LSTM \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o m\u00f9i h\u00f4i trong ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, chu\u1ed7i d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o b\u00e1t s\u00e1t chu\u1ed7i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tri\u1ec3n khai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f9i \u1edf nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f9i trong ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m. V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thu th\u1eadp, truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua wifi, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean GoogleDrive v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o chu\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian LSTM. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u1edf nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp theo, \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m, k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi can thi\u1ec7p khi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00ean trong ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, khu x\u1eed l\u00fd r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i,\u2026 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u00e0i to\u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phu kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m, b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng minh v\u1edbi thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n AI h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

Khoa CNTT<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng, vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m th\u00fa y, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4403,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[197,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4402","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-thong-bao","category-tin-tuc"],"yoast_head":"\nNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 IoT \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00ed t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m th\u00fa y - 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